Background: Zanubrutinib is a highly selective, next-generation Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor designed to maximize BTK occupancy and minimize off-target effects. Zanubrutinib has been associated with improved specificity and durable clinical responses in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL; Tam, Blood 2019;134:851-9). Early clinical data from Arm C of the SEQUOIA trial suggested that zanubrutinib was active and well-tolerated in treatment-naïve (TN) CLL/SLL patients with the high-risk characteristic deletion of chromosome 17p13.1 [del(17p)] (Tam ASH 2019 #499). In that cohort, an overall response rate (ORR) of 92.7% was reported, and the most common adverse events (AEs; 20.1% contusion, 15.6% upper respiratory tract infection, 13.8% rash) and most common grade ≥3 AEs (10.1% neutropenia, 3.7% pneumonia, 2.8% hypertension) were consistent with those in previous reports of zanubrutinib treatment in patients with various B-cell malignancies.
Venetoclax is a B-cell lymphoma 2 protein (BCL-2) inhibitor approved for the treatment of adult patients with CLL or SLL. Results of several phase 2 CLL trials of BCL-2 inhibitor and BTK inhibitor combinations have suggested that combination treatment is tolerable and may have synergistic activity (Hillmen JCO 2019;37:2722-9. Jain, NEJM 2019;380:2095-103. Siddiqi, EHA 2020 #S158.). Combination treatment given for a finite duration as determined by undetectable minimal residual disease (uMRD) is of significant interest and has the potential to alter the CLL/SLL treatment landscape if shown to induce deeper responses with a fixed duration of therapy. In the BOVen study, zanubrutinib was given in combination with venetoclax and obinutuzumab to TN CLL patients, and uMRD in the peripheral blood and bone marrow was used to determine treatment discontinuation (Soumerai, ASCO 2020 #8006.) Preliminary data showed that 62% of patients met the uMRD endpoint and successfully discontinued treatment after a median of 8 months (6 months of triplet therapy), and 100% of patients had a best response of partial response or higher (43% complete response/complete response with incomplete marrow recovery). The most common grade ≥3 AEs (15.4% neutropenia, 5.1% thrombocytopenia, 5.1% lung infection, 2.6% infusion-related reaction, 2.6% rash, 2.6% bleeding) were consistent with those previously reported in combination treatment studies, and no events of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) were reported.
Study Design and Methods: The SEQUOIA trial (NCT03336333) is an open-label, global, multicenter, phase 3 study that includes a nonrandomized cohort (Arm D) of up to 50 TN patients with del(17p) CLL/SLL. Arm D is designed to provide combination treatment of zanubrutinib and venetoclax and use serial monitoring of uMRD to determine treatment discontinuation. Patients are treated with zanubrutinib (160 mg twice daily) for 3 months followed by the combination of zanubrutinib (same dosing) and venetoclax (ramp-up cycle followed by 400 mg once daily). Combination treatment is given for 12-24 cycles until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or requirements for uMRD at <10−4 sensitivity (uMRD4) by flow cytometry are met (Figure). Adult patients with CLL/SLL who met International Workshop on CLL (iwCLL) criteria for treatment (Hallek, Blood 2008;111:5446-56) are eligible if they have central verification of del(17p) by fluorescence in situ hybridization with >7% aberrant nuclei present. Initial safety and tolerability of zanubrutinib and venetoclax combination therapy will be assessed, including the risk of TLS at baseline and before initiation of venetoclax. Responses will be assessed by investigator for CLL per modified iwCLL criteria (Hallek, Blood 2008;111:5446-56. Cheson, JCO 2012;30:2820-2) and for SLL per Lugano criteria (Cheson, JCO 2014;32:3059-68). Secondary endpoints include ORR, progression-free survival, duration of response, rate of uMRD4 at various time points, safety, and pharmacokinetics of zanubrutinib and venetoclax. Exploratory endpoints include overall survival, patient-reported outcomes, and time to recurrence of detectable MRD after discontinuation of zanubrutinib and/or venetoclax. Recruitment began in November 2019 and is ongoing in 8 countries.
Tam:Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding; AbbVie: Honoraria, Research Funding; BeiGene: Honoraria. Flinn:Novartis: Research Funding; Nurix Therapeutics: Consultancy; Portola Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Gilead Sciences: Consultancy, Research Funding; Forty Seven: Research Funding; Trillium Therapeutics: Research Funding; TG Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; F. Hoffmann-La Roche: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; Curis: Research Funding; Calithera Biosciences: Research Funding; Karyopharm Therapeutics: Research Funding; Juno Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Acerta Pharma: Research Funding; Great Point Partners: Consultancy; Genentech, Inc.: Research Funding; Loxo: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; MorphoSys: Consultancy, Research Funding; Curio Science: Consultancy; Merck: Research Funding; Constellation Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Forma Therapeutics: Research Funding; Verastem: Consultancy, Research Funding; Yingli Pharmaceuticals ≠: Consultancy, Research Funding; Rhizen Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Johnson & Johnson: Other; Roche: Consultancy, Research Funding; Vincera Pharma: Consultancy; ArQule: Research Funding; Agios: Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Research Funding; BeiGene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Kite Pharma: Consultancy, Research Funding; IGM Biosciences: Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding; Infinity Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Unum Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Triphase Research & Development Corp.: Research Funding; Teva: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Iksuda Therapeutics: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company: Consultancy, Research Funding. Tedeschi:Department of Hematology Niguarda Hospital Milano: Current Employment; Janssen spa: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BeiGene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AbbVie: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Sunesis: Consultancy. Ferrant:AbbVie: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Brown:BeiGene: Consultancy; Genentech: Consultancy; Gilead: Consultancy, Research Funding; Acerta: Consultancy; Sun: Research Funding; Loxo: Consultancy, Research Funding; Verastem: Consultancy, Research Funding; TG Therapeutics: Consultancy; Sunesis: Consultancy; Rigel Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy; Octapharma: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Nextcea: Consultancy; MEI Pharma: Consultancy; Invectys: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: DSMC; Astra-Zeneca: Consultancy; Janssen: Honoraria; Morphosys: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other; Catapult: Consultancy; Dynamo Therapeutics: Consultancy; Eli Lilly and Company: Consultancy; Juno/Celgene: Consultancy; Kite: Consultancy; AbbVie: Consultancy; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy. Robak:GSK: Research Funding; Bristol Meyers Squibb: Research Funding; Roche: Consultancy, Other: TRAVEL, ACCOMMODATIONS, EXPENSES (paid by any for-profit health care company), Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Honoraria, Research Funding; Acerta: Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: TRAVEL, ACCOMMODATIONS, EXPENSES (paid by any for-profit health care company), Research Funding; BioGene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company: Honoraria, Research Funding; UCB: Honoraria, Research Funding; Medical University of Lodz: Current Employment; Momenta: Consultancy; Takeda: Consultancy; Octapharma: Honoraria; Morphosys: Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Sandoz: Consultancy, Honoraria; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: TRAVEL, ACCOMMODATIONS, EXPENSES (paid by any for-profit health care company), Research Funding; UTX-TGR: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding. Ghia:Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; ArQule: Consultancy, Honoraria; Acerta/AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Honoraria; BeiGene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: TRAVEL, ACCOMMODATIONS, EXPENSES (paid by any for-profit health care company), Research Funding; Celgene/Juno: Consultancy, Honoraria; Lilly: Consultancy, Honoraria; MEI: Consultancy, Honoraria; Sunesis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Adaptive, Dynamo: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis: Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: TRAVEL, ACCOMMODATIONS, EXPENSES (paid by any for-profit health care company), Research Funding. Kuwahara:BeiGene: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Other: TRAVEL, ACCOMMODATIONS, EXPENSES (paid by any for-profit health care company). Paik:BeiGene: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Hua:BeiGene USA Ltd.: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Other: TRAVEL, ACCOMMODATIONS, EXPENSES (paid by any for-profit health care company); Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc.: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Ended employment in the past 24 months; Vertex: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Cohen:BeiGene: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Other: TRAVEL, ACCOMMODATIONS, EXPENSES (paid by any for-profit health care company). Huang:BeiGene: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Other: TRAVEL, ACCOMMODATIONS, EXPENSES (paid by any for-profit health care company). Hillmen:Janssen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: TRAVEL, ACCOMMODATIONS, EXPENSES (paid by any for-profit health care company), Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; AbbVie: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: TRAVEL, ACCOMMODATIONS, EXPENSES (paid by any for-profit health care company), Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Astra Zeneca: Honoraria; F. Hoffmann-La Roche: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; Gilead: Research Funding.
Zanubrutinib has not been approved for TN CLL/SLL with del(17p) in the US
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